Tuesday, April 1, 2014

MONTEZUMA'S REVENGE-E.COLI -TRAVELER'S DIARRHEA




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esides serious illness linked to military forays into former colonies or due to climatic bad adaptation, change or weather disaster, Montezuma’s revenge refers to a kind of curse that European visitors, tourists from anywhere can go through.Natives and locals used to call these ailments: Montezuma’s wrath or revenge because of this last Aztec emperor  enslaved and killed by Hernan Cortes,  an illiterate conquistador whose name has survived his massive  killing among   Aztec Indians.

Today, it is considered that any visitor undergoing traveler’s diarrhea (TDs) is a sort of victim of the Montezuma’s curse. Te same can be said about Gandhi’s revenge, the Egyptian Mummy’s Tummy or the curse linked to the Slave route, or triangular Trade of the French in the late 18th century.

Montezuma
Whatever it might be, Traveler’s diarrhea is the most striking aspect of this so-called revenge. A parasite known as E. coli embodies this Inca revenge and seems to have something to do with drinking water, half-cooked food and poor sanitation. Add other parasites namely: Shigella, Salmonella, Yersinia, campylobacter as well as protozoans such as Giardia; all of them can cause TD too.

Montezuma and his fellow citizens can smile from their graves when watching their victors or   descendants’ pay any tribute to innocent and however vital drinking water of Aztec plateaus. As if, finally in this world, there exists neither victor nor defeated.

Sic Gloria transit mundi…

GEOGRAPHICAL MALARIA MAP


MALARIA....







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n endemic disease  in more than 100 countries in the world,  malaria is hold responsible of millions  deaths every year. Scattered in Sub Saharian Africa, malaria is also present in Central America, Latin America, and mostly in Southwestern and Eastern Asia. Caused by bites of a  female mosquito named Anopheles mosquito, that grow in mares and stagnant waters, malaria is transmitted from person to person through several types of plasmodium that enters the blood before reproducing itself in the liver. Doctors acquainted with tropical diseases affirm that malaria can mimic a lot of diseases, which makes prevention the best way to fight this still deadly ailment.

Traditional antimalarial drugs  are part of the so called “ shot gun” cocktail that general practitioners used in the endemic areas.

Unfortunately, during these last decades, this endemic pathology has become unresponsive to  traditional   drugs. Epidemiologists and WHO policy recommend  the use of  a combined therapy including  artemisin to other antimalarial drugs.

Artemisin is a sesquiterpene lactone containing an unusual peroxide bridge. This peroxide is believed to be responsible for the drug's mechanism of action.