Sunday, November 10, 2013

A KEY VITAMIN : VITAMIN D

 A SUNLIGHT-BOUNDED VITAMIN


S
peaking of the way sunlight works at the skin level, one has to recall that as a traveling energy, light effect on skin depends on the wavelength like anywhere else. Sunlight keeps giving the skin a youthful glow, even though UV radiation is harmful with bad consequences. So said, light happily affects the skin through physiological and vital processes. The more interesting of the process  remains vitamin D synthesis.

Besides being a protective shield and a  visible ID oriented to  social life, human skin is the site of the sunlight-generated vitamin D. Vitamin D remains a crossroad of our health system, aiming at maintaining homeostasis balance. This sunlight –bounded   synthesis emphasizes the way human life among other things is related to sky-located energy.

A lot has to come again about  light regarding the role of this vitamin in  biology, a vital one, to tell the truth. Vitamin D synthesis starts at skin level when UVB hits the epidermal cells causing a change to a cholesterol molecule. Then, crossing the circulation, this new synthesized molecule goes to the liver before being transformed into the 25-hydroxyvitmin D. Let’s recall that there exists to types of vitamin D, the 25-OH D3 named the storage form and the 1-25(OH)2 D3, the active form. This last one has been elaborated through the kidney and is considered physiologically active, implying this way its hormonal function.  It is called calcitrol. This hormone intervenes in the regulation of Ca+ 2 and Po4 . Both of them are absorbed into the gut.

Given the overall function of calcitrol in human physiology via the parathyroids and the bones, it is regarded as a key hormone affecting the cardiac cycle as well as the basal metabolism through the thyroid function and  calcium and phosphate regulation. From this point of view  we can  ask   what would have  happened  to life if sunlight had failed to trigger the vitamin D synthesis. As put by the  PhD  Laurance Johnson,” the sunlight –generated hormone sustains health throughout the body”.

 FOOTNOTES 

 VITAMINE D  Photochemistry


Photochemical conversion of 7-dehydrocholesterol to previtamin D3
Thermal isomerization of previtamin D3 to vitamin D3
1 ) The transformation that converts 7-dehydrocholesterol to Vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) occurs in two steps.
First, 7-dehydrocholesterol, is photolyzed by ultraviolet light in a 6-electron conrotatory electrocyclic reaction. The product isprevitamin D3.
Second, previtamin D3 spontaneously isomerizes to vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) in an antarafacial sigmatropic [1,7] hydride shift. At room temperature, the transformation of previtamin D3 to vitamin D3 takes about 12 days to complete.

2 ) Vitamin D can be synthesized only via a photochemical process, so land vertebrates had to ingest foods that contained vitamin D or had to be exposed to sunlight to photosynthesize vitamin D in their skin to satisfy their body's vitamin D requirement

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